Johnes Disease essays

Johne's Disease essays Johns, Johnnys, Joane..... hard to pronounce.... Well 92% of beef producers are unaware of Johnes disease. The estimated $2,000,000-$4,000,000 Johnes disease costs the Georgia Beef Industry each year is hard to forget. Good morning, I am Crystal 8888 from 3333 County. Today I will share with you : What is Johnes Disease? What are the causes? What are the symptoms? Imagine this disease as a thief sneaking into your herd and robbing you of profits years before you suspect a problem. Johnes is not a new disease, in any way. A scientist named Heinrich Albert Johne discovered it in 1885. Johnes disease ( also called paratuberculosis) is a chronic mycobacterial infection affecting the lower small intestine of ruminant animals. This bacterium is in the same class as tuberculosis and leprosy. The organism that causes Johnes disease or mycobacterium paratuberculosis survives in stagnant water, manure and soil for up to a year. It also withstands freezing at minus 14 degrees centigrade for up to a year. Exposure to direct sunlight, heat and specific disinfectants will kill the organism. Newborn calves or young animals are the most susceptible to infection. The most common source of infection is feces, or manure. Bacteria excreted in feces can contaminate soil and water which is then ingested by other animals. Feed troughs, hay bunks, water tanks, ponds, can be contaminated by an infected animal or indirectly by equipment used to move manure. Newborns can be infected by the manure on the teats or from the colostrum or milk from a diseased cow. As the bacteria slowly grow in the small intestine of the infected animal, the intestinal wall becomes thickened and unable to absorb nutrients. It is a slow, progressive disease; infected animals may show no signs of the disease until years after initial infection. The signs of Johne ...

2200+ SAT Scorers Should You Retake the New SAT for a Perfect 1600

2200+ SAT Scorers Should You Retake the New SAT for a Perfect 1600 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you recently get your SAT scores back and do, well, amazing? If you got above a 2200, you should proud – you’re in the top 2% of test scorers. In fact, you’re in the top 1% with a score of 2220 and up. (For the New SAT, any score higher than 1480 is likely to put you in the top 1%, but we will have to wait a few months for percentile data.) But if you’re a perfectionist, you might be wondering, "Since I did so well, shouldn't I try to retake the SAT for a perfect 1600?" We will help you decide if an SAT retake is right for you. Where Are You Applying? The main thing to consider when deciding to retake the SAT is where you want to apply for college. If you’re planning on attending a local university or a school that’s not super-selective, your score is already more than fine and you shouldn’t worry about retaking the test. (Your high SAT score will likely be important for merit scholarships, which we will discuss below.) However, if you’re applying to ultra-selective schools – think the Ivy Leagues, Stanford, or MIT – a retake might be worth it. We'll explore the reasons why below. Most Selective Schools (Top 15) If you’re aiming for top schools, it’s worth it to get to a 2300 (or about 1530 on the New SAT) or higher. But once you’re past 2300/1530, any score increases won’t dramatically improve your chances of admission, so you should focus on the rest of your application. So if you have a 2360, don’t worry about retaking the SAT. If you have a 2200, and want to apply to top schools, consider retaking it to get above the 1530 threshold. Our rule of thumb is this:try to aim for the 75th percentile of the school's SAT score ranges.Because the admission rate is so low at these selective schools, getting a higher score can raise your chance of success. In terms of percentiles, 2220 and higher puts you in the top 1% of scorers in the nation, as we discussed above. However, the higher your composite score, the rarer it is, helping you stand out in the admissions process. If your score is between 2200 – 2300, more students earn that score each year, above 20,000 nationally. But if you get a 2300 and higher, only about 8,800 other students have such a high score. If you’re 2350 and higher, only 3000 other students are on your level. So the higher your score, the more you will stand out in a very competitive applicant pool, because fewer applicants will have a score as high as yours. (Again, we don't have data yet for the New SAT, but if the basic principle will likely remain the same: the higher your SAT score, the rarer it will be.) This is especially important for top colleges, whose admitted students have incredibly high SAT scores. How do we know this? Colleges release data about their admissions cycles, including the average SAT scores of applicants. They release the middle 50% score range – the SAT scores that the middle 50% of applicants had. You want to pay attention to the numbers at the top of the ranges.With a score at the top of that middle 50% range, you've scored higher than 75% of successful applicants. A score in that range will put you towards the top of the applicant pool in terms of test scores, rather than in the middle or the lower end. Being towards the top of the pool increases your chances of admission, while being within range but closer to the bottom makes your admission less likely. Let’s take a look at the middle 50% ranges for some ultra-selective colleges to see just how competitive they are. Note: these middle 50% ranges still use old SAT scores (scores out of 2400), since the most recent group of applicants only had the old SAT available. It will be at least a year before colleges are able to include the new SAT in their admissions data. Because of this, focus on the Math and Reading sections to estimate a target new SAT composite score goal for each school. Stanford SAT Critical Reading 680-780 SAT Math 700-790 SAT Writing 690-790 Source: Stanford Common Data Set As you can see, if you have section scores in the high 700s (which would give you a 2300/1570 or higher composite), you have scores in line with their top admitted students. Getting to the top of the pool is crucial to stand out in Stanford’s application process. Just over 5% of their applicants got in last year. Obviously, even a perfect score won’t guarantee admission, as Stanford turns away perfect scorers every year. But, the higher your score, the less likely you are to get put aside. Harvard SAT Critical Reading: 700-800 SAT Math: 710-800 SAT Writing: 710-800 Source: Harvard Common Data Set Note that for Harvard, since the middle 50% ranges are basically between 700 and 800, the top 25% of their admitted students have perfect 800s. Section scores in the high 700s or 800 will put you in line with their top admits, and thus make your application very competitive. Basically, the closer to a perfect 1600 you get, the more competitive you will be. Yale SAT Critical Reading: 720-800 SAT Math: 710-800 SAT Writing: 710-790 Source: Yale Fact Sheet Similar to Harvard and Stanford, Yale’s middle 50% ranges are very impressive. The closer to 800 your section scores are, the closer to the top of Yale’s applicant pool you will be, and the more competitive you will become. MIT SAT Critical Reading: 690-790 SAT Math: 750-800 SAT Writing: 700-790 Source: MIT Admissions Statistics Note that for MIT, their math score range is especially high. 75% of the admits have a 750 or higher math score. This means that if your math score is 750 or lower, it would be wise to retake the SAT and aim for a perfect 800 in math, or as close as possible. If your composite is 2300 but with a lower math score (for example 800 Critical Reading, 800 Writing, 700 Math), you should definitely retake the SAT for a higher math score. Princeton SAT Critical Reading: 690-790 SAT Math: 710-800 SAT Writing: 710-790 Source: Princeton Admission Statistics Princeton has similar ranges to Harvard, Stanford, and Yale. They also list statistics for the admit rate of applicants with different score ranges: 2300-2400 Admit Rate: 14.5% 2100-2290 Admit Rate: 8.1% So while Princeton is still very competitive even with a 2300+ SAT, note that your chances of admission almost double if you have a 2300 or higher versus the next step down, 2100-2290. So if you're in the 2100-2290 range, it could be worth it to retake the SAT and aim for at least a 1530. Selective Schools (Top 15-50) If you're aiming for selective but not top 15 schools, a 2200 or higher is already towards the top of the applicant pool, and you likely shouldn't worry about retaking the SAT. We have listed some examples below of middle 50% ranges for these schools to give you an idea of where your score stands. You can look up this data for any school you are interested in by searching â€Å"[Name of College/University] Common Data Set.† University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) SAT Composite: 1930-2250 Source: UCLA Freshmen Profile 2015 Tufts SAT Critical Reading: 680-760 SAT Math: 680-760 SAT Writing: 690-760 Source: Tufts Common Data Set University of Virginia SAT Critical Reading: 620-720 SAT Math: 630-740 SAT Writing: 620-720 Source: University of Virginia Common Data Set Georgetown SAT Critical Reading: 660-760 SAT Math: 660-760 SAT Writing: Not considered Source: Georgetown Common Data Set For all of these schools, note that if your section scores are in the low to mid 700s, which you likely have if your composite is 2200+, you are well within range for admission. If your composite is 2250, with an average of 750 per section, you have about the same score as the top 25% of admitted students. So if you got a 2200 or higher SAT score and you’re not aiming for the most selective colleges, don’t worry about retaking it. Your odds of admission are already strong for selective colleges. Instead, focus on the rest of your application. Consider Scholarships Another factor in deciding to retake the SAT is scholarships. Many scholarships, both private and University-sponsored ones, use SAT scores as cut-offs. So your SAT score could be important not just for admission, but for paying for college – especially at large universities and state schools. Your SAT score can translate into thousands of dollars to pay for college. In many cases, the higher your SAT score, the higher your merit scholarship will be. Check out our post on merit scholarships for more info. For large, full-ride scholarships with separate applications, the higher your SAT score is, the better. Some state universities have scholarships that are as difficult to get as getting into a top college. If you’re aiming for that sort of scholarship, retaking the SAT to be above 2300 would be smart, but once you hit 2300, it’s unlikely a score increase would dramatically improve your chances. Also consider your individual subject scores. Many scholarships consider just Math and Critical Reading. If you got 800s in those and, say, a 700 in writing (for a 2300 total), you are more than good to go for those scholarships. However, if your score breakdown was Math 680, CR 800, Writing 800, that below-700 math score could possibly cost you a higher scholarship, depending on the school. If there is a scholarship that has an ultra-high cut-off at one of your top choice schools, consider taking the SAT again. If not, focus on making sure the rest of your application is strong, as many merit scholarships consider your whole application. Action Step Look up schools you are interested in to see what type of merit scholarships they have. Chances are your SAT is already high enough for their scholarship cut-offs, and you should focus on keeping your GPA and/or class rank high. (For a guide on how to search for merit scholarships, see our automatic scholarships article.) Is It Worth The Time To Try Again? Another important consideration if you’re thinking of retaking the SAT is if you have enough time to commit to a retake. You’ll have to study and practice for your second time. You definitely shouldn’t just walk in and retake it – you’ll likely make the same mistakes and get a similar score, or even a lower one. You need to study carefully, identify the weak spots that caused you to miss points the first time, and work to be as close to perfect as possible. In addition, you'll have to learn all about the New SAT and how to study for the redesigned test. This could come at the expense of other things important to your application, like extracurriculars, or essays if you are in your senior fall. If you manage to get a 1600 but submit a sub-par essay, your overall chances of admission will not increase very much. Also, remember your transcript and GPA are another very important piece of your application. As Yale says on their undergraduate admissions website, â€Å"The admissions committee is primarily concerned with what kind of Yale student you will be. So it is very important that we see a high level (or an improving degree) of rigor and success throughout your high school years. This includes your senior year. If you wish to make your application among the most competitive, you must take a challenging senior program and continue to excel in it.† Translation: taking tough courses and doing well matters, especially senior year. If your GPA drops because you were studying for an SAT retake, you could hurt your chances, even if you end up with a higher SAT score. Bottom line? Think carefully about your schedule and other commitments before deciding to retake the SAT. What If Your Score Decreases? Although you’re hoping for the best-case scenario of retaking the SAT and getting a higher score, you need to think about what your application will look like with a second, lower score – which is well within the range of possibility. Some students score lower on their second try on the SAT, even with studying. This could be because they psych themselves out – for example, finding errors in the writing section when the answer is â€Å"No Error,† or triple-checking one math problem, causing them to run out of time on another. Remember, if you’re at a 2300, you only have 100 points to gain, but many more potential points to lose. Colleges will look at your highest scores, but in some cases they request that you send all scores to them – which means they will have an effect on your application and chances. As an example, Stanford requires you to send all scores: â€Å"Official scores from all test dates must be sent to Stanford directly from the ACT or the College Board (the reporting agency for the SAT) or both if the applicant has taken the ACT and the SAT. Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency.† Yale has a similar policy. However, some schools do allow Score Choice – an option that allows you to send only your highest SAT scores. For example, â€Å"You are free to use the College Board’s Score Choice option and/or the similar option offered by ACT when applying toHarvard.† Princeton and MIT accept Score Choice as well. Action Step Look up your top-choice schools and see if they accept Score Choice or not. If they don’t, keep in mind retaking the SAT and getting a lower score could affect your chances of admission. Also Consider Subject Tests Another factor to consider is SAT Subject Tests. Many top tier schools either require them or heavily recommend them. Getting high subject test scores will also be important for admission to top schools. If you already have a strong SAT score, it might be worth your time to focus on getting strong SAT subject test scores to round out your application. Bottom Line If your score is above a 2300, you should not worry about retaking the SAT, even if you’re aiming for top schools. One exception is if you have math score below 750 and you are aiming for admission to top engineering schools like MIT or CalTech. If you have a score between 2200-2300, it would make sense to retake the SAT if you are applying to the very top schools. If you’re not applying to top schools, check to see if any merit scholarships at schools you are applying for have SAT cut-offs or averages higher than your score. If not, don’t worry about retaking the SAT, and start working on the rest of your application. What’s Next? We mentioned taking SAT subject tests. Learn about what kinds of scores you need for the Ivy League as well as which colleges officially require them. If you decide to go for a retake, definitely read our guide by our 2400 full-scorer about getting a perfect SAT score. These are the principles you’ll need to get to the perfect score. You should also read our complete guide to the New SAT to understand the changes the test will undergo in March 2016. Learn more about SAT percentiles and where you stand based on your current scores. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Arrest of Mr Ballew for Conferring a Misdeed for Demonstrating a Assignment

Arrest of Mr Ballew for Conferring a Misdeed for Demonstrating a Profane Movement Film - Assignment Example Mr Ballew contended either that the two tallies he was being indicted for added up to double jeopardy/ twofold risk or the seizing of the movies were illicit and illegitimate. On the other hand, the court dismissed these conflicts subsequently denying him certiorari, building its contention in light of the instance of McIntyre v. State in which the defendants were denied certiorari (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978). â€Å"Because of the fundamental importance of the jury trial to the American system of criminal justice, any further reduction [of the number of members on a jury below six] that promotes inaccurate & possibly biased decision-making, that causes untoward differences in verdicts, & that prevents juries from truly representing their communities, attains constitutional significance† (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978). In delivering its ruling, the Court of Supreme decided that a five-person jury does not meet the sacred edge or constitutional requirements as provided by the Sixth Ame ndment of the United States’ constitution that applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. For this reason, the Supreme Court granted certiorari to the accused but consequently giving a disclaimer that it wouldn’t achieve alternate issues. Case in point, as he would like to think, which agreed to other Justices sentiments, Justice Blackmun expressed that a criminal trial presided over by a less than six-person jury considerably undermined the certifications of the Sixth & Fourteenth Amendments and subsequently, the condition of Georgia has no persuasive contention, notwithstanding, the advocacy and claim for inefficient budgetary allocation and time to defend the decision of decreasing a jury from six persons to five (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978). Thus, from their assessments before conveying the judgment all the judges including Blackmun, J., Marshall, J., Stevens, J., White, J., Burger, C.J., Rehnquist, J., Brennan, J., Stewart and Powell, J.,   agreed that that the instance of Ballew v. Georgia issue of whether a criminal trial by a state, which constrained a jury to five denied the charged individual a right enshrined in the constitution and provided to him/her by the Sixth & Fourteenth Amendments disregarded such secured rights (Ballew v. Georgia, 1978).

Compare or Contrast Sonny's Blues & Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare or Contrast Sonny's Blues & - Essay Example ers try to conceal their true identities but they do not understand that they cannot disconnect themselves from their history and that their identity remains intact with their history. Sonny’s Blues characterizes Sonny and his brother as two counterparts of African American race. Sonny wants freedom from suffering while his brother accepts everything and locks his true personality. Both of them try to get rid of Harlem as its environment was criminalizing its inhabitants. According to Baldwin, disaster waits for the dwellers of Harlem and â€Å"some escaped the trap, most didn’t†. Sonny’s brother shows submissiveness by accepting what comes his way while Sonny stands as a revolutionary. In Everyday Use, Walker portrays two sisters, both standing in contrast to one another. Maggie accepts her identity and is submissive while Dee rejects her identity and wants freedom and proves that she is different. She feels that she is oppressed by her past as after telling about her changed name she says, She feels herself oppressed being a part of her race and wants to get rid of her identity. However, she cannot break her linkage to her roots. Both the stories reveal that the African Americans even after gaining freedom go through a phase that is depressing and pressurizing for them as they still consider themselves subjugated or ignored by the society in which, they exist. Some characters try to break their links with the past but they cannot, however, some accept their status and own their history. Sonny and Maggie want to lead their lives by being attached to their heritage and fight with their own selves to know better about themselves. Sonny as an African American boy takes refuge in crime to some extent and later on in Jazz music while Maggie takes refuge in her home and accepts her status and feels herself connected to her history and is the righteous owner of her mother’s belongings for which, she is proud of. Jazz music stands as a source of connection for

My Mother Essay Example for Free

My Mother Essay The film centers on Manuela, a nurse who oversees donor organ transplants in Ramà ³n y Cajal Hospital in Madrid and single mother to Esteban, a teenager who wants to be a writer. On his seventeenth birthday, Esteban is hit by a car and killed while chasing after actress Huma Rojo for her autograph following a performance of A Streetcar Named Desire, in which she portrays Blanche DuBois. Manuela has to agree with her colleagues at work that her sons heart be transplanted to a man in A Coruà ±a. After traveling after her sons heart, Manuela quits her job and journeys to Barcelona, where she hopes to find her sons father, Lola, a transvestite she kept secret from her son, just as she never told Lola they had a son. see more:speech about my mother In Barcelona, Manuela reunites with her old friend Agrado, a warm and witty transsexual prostitute. She also meets and becomes deeply involved with several characters: Rosa, a young nun who works in a shelter for battered prostitutes and is pregnant by Lola; Huma Rojo, the actress her son had admired; and the drug-addicted Nina Cruz, Humas co-star and lover. Her life becomes entwined with theirs as she cares for Rosa during her pregnancy and works for Huma as her personal assistant and even acts in the play as an understudy for Nina during one of her drug abuse crises. On her way to the hospital, Rosa asks the taxi to stop at a park where she spots her fathers dog, Sapic, and then her own father, who suffers from Alzheimers; he does not recognize Rosa and asks for her age and height, but Sapic is cleverer and knows Rosa. Rosa dies giving birth to her son, and Lola and Manuela finally reunite at Rosas funeral. Lola (whose name used to be Esteban), who is dying from AIDS, talks about how she always wanted a son, and Manuela tells her about her own Esteban and how he died in a car accident. Manuela then adopts Esteban, Rosas child, and stays with him at Rosas parents house. The father does not understand who Manuela is, and Rosas mother says its the new cook, who is living here with her son. Rosas father then asks Manuela her age and height. Manuela introduces Esteban (Rosas son) to Lola and gives her a picture of their own Esteban. Rosas mother spots them from the street and then confronts Manuela about letting strangers see the baby. Manuela tells her that Lola is Estebans father; Rosas mother is appalled and says: That is the monster that killed my daughter?! Manuela flees back to Madrid with Esteban; she cannot take living at Rosas house any longer, since the grandmother is afraid that she will contract AIDS from the baby. She writes a letter to Huma and Agrado saying that she is leaving and once again is sorry for not saying goodbye, like she did years before. Two years later, Manuela returns with Esteban to an AIDS convention, telling Huma and Agrado, who now run a stage show together, that Esteban had been a miracle by not inheriting the virus. She then says she is returning to stay with Estebans grandparents. When asking Huma about Nina, she becomes melancholic and leaves. Agrado tells Manuela that Nina went back to her town, got married, and had a fat, ugly baby boy.

Essay --

Restaurant Perhaps there is nothing more satisfying than a fine dining experience. Food cleverness and high standards makes it to be a memorable time for anyone in a restaurant. They should design their restaurant in a brilliant way which should have partial transparent glasses so people can see the restaurant from inside. Good bright lightening, beautiful furniture, intoxicating fresh food smell, and relaxing music will often end up in lusting environment at places like these. Waiters In order to run a restaurant, waiters are must. And because Domino’s pizza was more of take away focused, they will now have to hire more employees. These waiters will welcome customers into the restaurant and take their orders and service them. They should be literate and have good communication skills that can be clearly understood. They must have past experience in restaurants and must have a good personality in order to present themselves to the customers. They should always put the customer’s needs first and not keep the customer waiting for long. Perhaps, they should keep in mind that there fore...

How Bilbo in the hobbit influences the story Essay

In the book, â€Å"The Hobbit†, by J.R.R. Tolkien, there are many ways the author shows how the character, Bilbo, influences the story. Bilbo is very clever and intelligent. He always saves the dwarves from trouble. His risk-taking personality helped him become one of the most important characters in the story.Bilbo’s intelligence shows in Chapter 5 when he wins the battle between him and Gollum. Bilbo’s intelligence helped him win the battle and it also helped him guide the dwarves throughout the journey without Gandalf. Without Bilbo’s intelligence, he would not be sure of what to do and how to solve his problems. You can see this when Gollum says, â€Å"Curse the Baggins! It’s gone! What has it got in its pocketses? Oh we guess, my precious. He’s found it, yes he must have.† And then he later says, â€Å"When he came this way last, when we twisted that nasty young squeaker.† These quotes show that Bilbo obtained the ring because of his intelligence and cleverness. Gollum is upset because he lost his precious ring. This is just one way how Bilbo influences the story. In Chapter 9, Bilbo’s cleverness is shown. Bilbo, yet again, saves the dwarves from trouble. In a short amount of time, Bilbo came up with a plan to rescue his friends from the woodelves. Without his cleverness, he wouldn’t have saved his friends and the story would be different because they wouldn’t have gone to Lake Town. You can see this when the author says, â€Å"When he heard this Bilbo was all in a flutter, for he saw that luck was with him and he had a chance at once to try his desperate plan.† And then later says, â€Å"They had escaped the dungeons, and were through the wood. † These quotes show how Bilbo was desperate to try out his plan and at the end, it turned out to be really successful. Bilbo could not have thought of this plan without his cleverness, if it weren’t for that, he would’ve never saved the dwarves. Lastly, In Chapter 12, Bilbo’s risk-taking personality shines. Bilbo sneaks into Smaug’s lair with his invisible ring on. Hobbits are not the type that would go on a adventure, and they’re definitely not the type that would do such dangerous and harmful events. But in this chapter, Bilbo shows he isn’t that type of hobbit. You can see this when the author says, â€Å"Wisps of vapour floated up and past him and he began to sweat.† And then he later says, â€Å"His heart was beating and a more fevered shaking was in his legs then when he was going down, but still clutched the cup and his chief thought was: I’ve done it! This will show them.† These quotes show that, even though Bilbo was terrified of what was going on, he had to ignore the feeling of being terrified and had the courage to take the cup. Bilbo’s character influenced the story in a lot of different ways. If he hadn’t gone to the adventure with the dwarves and If it weren’t for what he has accomplished, like getting the cup, the story would have had a different ending.

Georgiana Cavendish background

During the 18th century, gender roles in England were resonated against high levels of chastity, compliance, delicacy as well as modesty that defined a truly virtuous female. It was believed that the greatest female achievement lay in total obedience and not in intellectual pursuits. This was mostly contributed by the nature and delineation of power that was largely vested in men during this period and earlier on. However, this was very wrong as women could contribute positively to the societal development. It was also wrong as it disregarded their integrity and underestimated their capacity to effectively participate to important decisions.Besides, they formed a key pillar in the development and growth of the children in the society which demanded high level wisdom and clear wits. This book gives a clear outlay of the gender roles in England during the 18th century in the highly autocratic setting system. With reference to Georgiana Cavendish there is a clear outlook of how the soci ety started to defy the widely defined and accepted norms for the women in the society. This report gives the changing realities during this period and acted as a major pillar that would define later considerations of both genders in the society.A clear comparison of that moment and present day women's roles in the society is given with a view of outlining proper recommendations that should be used in determining the roles for both genders. Georgiana Cavendish background. Georgiana Cavendish was born of John Spencer in 1757 and married to the 5th Duke of Devonshire at the age of 17 years. However, lovers had started admiring her at an early age of 11 years but resisted from getting married by her parents. She was a celebrated beauty and an active political campaigner in the country (Brian, 11-17).To add to that, she liked gambling and was involved in sexual promiscuity later in her marital life. The author portrays her as a totally defiant icon that defied the odds of major societal expectations of the time. Societal expectations of Georgiana and other women in aristocratic England. Brian (12-16) indicates that women in England were less regarded and required to take a low profile on major issues like political and family matters. Georgiana was therefore expected to be obedient and submissive to her husband from the time of marriage throughout their lives.All the women in England were required to take care of their husbands and follow their demands in terms of their physical and sexual desires. Therefore, they were expected to remain in their homes to serve their husbands and children. Being the wife of a Duke, of great importance from her was to bear children for her husband and the monarch. The author insists that the wife specifically supposed to bear sons who would later be heirs of the monarch to continue the autocratic regime. With women's position and roles being at the home setting, they were not supposed to be involved in active politics of the countr y.During this period, women’s suffrage was unheard of and it was required that they remained silent with their main contribution being to give the Duke an heir of the system. To add to that, the society expected them to remain faithful to their husbands at all times. This was strongly emphasized for Georgiana as she was expected to set the pace for other women to emulate in their lives and depict the king’s pride. Challenges by Georgiana to these conventions. As the book continues to unfold, it is clear that Georgiana challenged majority of these society demands strongly and with great courage.Though success was not immediate, the challenges acted as main center points in liberation of women in the entire England and other regions during the subsequent years. To begin with, the author puts it very clear that Georgiana was a strong political campaigner and was always found in gatherings of political an literally figures. Prior to 1784 general elections she campaigned fo r the Whigs particularly Charles James Fox. Major icons emerged later in the country's leadership improving the involvement of women in core decision making processes (Brian, 51-56).Most remarkable was Britain first prime minister and the leader of conservative party Margaret Thatcher. Unlike the societal expectations, Georgiana never brought happiness to the Duke of Devonshire. The marriage was an unhappy one with high levels of temperaments. Making it even more sorrowful to the people in the society and the Duke himself, in their initial years she never bore any children as she was rocked by vast miscarriages. Later, when she managed to give birth, she bore girls until the much awaited third born son. Besides, she introduced her husband to a mistress who was her friend leading to later marriage to her as a second wife.This was a major challenge as women were expected to strongly insulate the monarch from external genes that would interfere with the overall ‘integrity' of the ruling family. Openly defying major demands in the monarch and the society, Georgiana was promiscuous and had an affair with Charles Grey with whom she had a daughter. She was also reported to have traded kisses for votes during the 1784 general elections. To add to that, Georgiana was never home tied like other women as she went out to meet with other people of different classes.She was always involved in major places that women were prohibited from getting to. Being addicted to gabling, the book indicates that she died with major debts despite being from a very rich background. Mistresses and involvement of women in major activities that brought them out to meet with others later increased drastically in the whole country with open and hidden affairs characterizing majority of the young people and married couples. Conclusion. Women roles in England during late 18th century were highly oppressive and segregative in the aristocratically defined England.As indicated by the book, bre aking these considerations was hard and required courage as well as major sacrifice. As depicted by Georgiana Duchess, women were strongly valued for their fertility that was largely used by their ruling husbands as a major source of pride due to guaranteed heredity and therefore increased ability to sustain the monarch in their lineages. Though her defiance was met with resistance, it formed a clear icon that marked later liberation for the women in their social-political and economic delineations in all dimensions.With the current women contribution in the society being of vital essence it is clear that this oppression was a deterrent to fast growth and development in the region during that period. Women roles should therefore be fully appreciated and their participation is equal to those of men as they are equally capable of initiating and contributing to societal growth. Reference list. Brian, M. (1981). Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire: Duchess of Devonshire. London: Routledge.

CHAPTER 30 Essays - United States, Conservatism In The United States

CHAPTER 30 Essays - United States, Conservatism In The United States CHAPTER 30 UNCERTAIN TIMES, 1974 - 1992 Chapter Outline I.Searching for Direction, 1974-1980 A.A Faltering Economy B.Welfare and Energy Initiatives C.Negotiation and Confrontation in Foreign Policy D.The New Right II.The Reagan Revolution, 1981-1992 A.The Election of 1980 B.Supply-Side Economics C.Curtailing Unions, Regulations, and Welfare D.Reagan to Bush III.Renewing and Ending the Cold War A.The Defense Buildup B.Deploying Military Power C.The Iran-Contra Controversy D.The Cold War Eases E.Post-Cold War Policy and the Persian Gulf War F.The Election of 1992 IV.The Politics of Social Movements A.Women's Issues B.Sexual Politics C.Activism among African Americans D.Activism among American Indians E.Activism in Spanish-Speaking Communities F.Activism among Asian Americans G.Anti-Government Activism Chronology 1974Nixon resigns and Ford becomes president; Ford soon pardons Nixon 1975South Vietnam falls to North Vietnam; Ford asserts U.S. power in Mayaguez incident 1976Jimmy Carter elected president; OPEC sharply raises oil prices. 1978Carter helps negotiate Camp David peace accords on Middle East 1979Soviet Union invades Afghanistan; Sandinistas come to power in Nicaragua; U.S. hostages seized in Iran 1980Ronald Reagan elected president; U.S. hostages in Iran released 1981Reagan tax cut passed 1983U.S. troops removed from Lebanon; Reagan announces SDI ("Star Wars") program 1984Reagan defeats Walter Mondale 1986Reagan administration rocked by revelation of Iran-Contra affair 1988George H.W. Bush defeats Michael Dukakis in presidential election; Congress enacts Indian Gaming Regulation Act 1989Communist regimes in Eastern Europe collapse; Berlin Wall falls; Cold War, in effect, ends 1990Bush angers conservative Republicans by agreeing to a tax increase 1991Bush orchestrates Persian Gulf War against Iraq, 1992Bill Clinton defeats Bush Lecture Outline 1.In the aftermath of the turmoil of the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal the nation was searching for direction, 1974-1980. The presidency of Gerald Ford suffered from popular impressions that he was a weak, indecisive, "caretaker" president. a.Ford was undermined by a faltering economy and his effort to "Whip" inflation was both ineffective and a public relations failure. Under Jimmy Carter, the economy only seemed to worsen with rising unemployment and soaring inflation. b.Carter pushed hard for both welfare and energy initiatives; although he could not forge an agreement for welfare, he used the new Department of Energy to "declare war" on the nation's reliance on fossil fuels. c.The U.S. foreign policy of containment played itself out in Southeast Asia as a long U.S. war in Vietnam ended under Ford with the fall of Saigon. Carter infused his approach with more negotiation than confrontation and a respect for human rights. Though his results were mixed, they did yield the Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt. d.There appeared a new right on the American political landscape that was as deeply interested in advancing a conservative social agenda as they were for political and economic issues. 2.Ronald Reagan emerged as the brightest star and best hope for the new right. His defeat of Carter in the election of 1980 signified the beginning of what came to be called the Reagan Revolution, 1981-1992. a.Offering a sunny persona and more optimistic outlook than the comparative gloom of Carter, Reagan swept to a convincing electoral victory in the election of 1980. b.Reagan embraced a theory of "supply-side" economics, which held that tax reductions would stimulate investment and thereby create economic growth. These changes in government policy did create wealth, though it was uneven, favored the rich, and led to soaring national debt. c.Another part of Reagan's agenda was the curtailing of government support of union and the cutting of regulations and welfare measures. d.The Republicans Party kept control of the presidency as the personal appeal of Reagan helped his vice-president, George H.W. Bush, gain victory despite the new right's lack of enthusiasm for his candidacy. 3.Reagan's promise to reverse the post-Vietnam "passivity" by the nation on the world stage led to both his renewing and ending the Cold War with an aggressive American foreign policy. a.Reagan supported a dramatic defense build-up with massive increases in military spending, most visibly in the failed Strategic Defense Initiative. b.The Reagan administration proved eager to deploy military power in numerous confrontations. c.The Iran-Contra controversy, the illegal selling of arms to Iran to fund a military effort to overthrow the government of Nicaragua, proved the biggest scandal of the Reagan administration. d.Mikhail Gorbachev, the new Soviet leader, played a vital role as the Cold War eased via his policies of glasnost ("openness") and perestroika ("economic liberalization") until the collapse of the Soviet Union

An Overview of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

An Overview of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) NGO stands for non-governmental organization and its function can vary widely from service organizations to human-rights advocacy and relief groups. Defined as an international organization that is not founded by an international treaty by the United Nations, NGOs work to benefit communities from the local to international levels.   NGOs not only serve as checks-and-balances for government  and governmental watchdogs but are crucial cogs in wider governmental initiatives such as relief response to a natural disaster. Without NGOs long history of rallying communities and creating initiatives around the world, famine, poverty, and disease would be a much bigger issue for the world than it already is. The First NGO In 1945, the United Nations was first created to act as an intergovernmental agency - that is an agency that mediates between multiple governments. To allow certain international interests groups and non-state agencies to attend the meetings of these powers and ensure an appropriate checks-and-balances system was in place, the U.N. established the term to define them as characteristically non-government.   However, the first international non-government organizations, by this definition, dated back well into the 18th century. By 1904, there were over 1000 established NGOs in the world fighting internationally for everything from the liberation of women and slaves to disarmament.   Rapid globalization led to the quick expansion of the need for these non-government organizations as shared interests between nationalities often overlooked human and environmental rights in favor of profits and power. Recently, even oversight with U.N. initiatives has given rise to an increased need for founding more humanitarian NGOs in order to compensate for missed opportunities.   Types of NGOs Non-governmental organizations can be broken down into eight different types within two quantifiers: orientation and level of operation - which have further been delineated into quite an extensive list of acronyms. In a charitable orientation of an NGO, investors acting as parents - with little input from those benefitting - help initiate activities which meet the basic needs of the poor. Similarly, service orientation involves activities which send in a charitable person to provide family planning, health, and education services to those in need but require their participation in order to be effective.   Conversely, participatory orientation focuses on community involvement in solving their own problems by means of facilitating the planning and implementation of restoring and meeting the needs of that community. Going one step further, the final orientation, empowering orientation, directs activities that provide tools for communities to understand the socio-economic and political factors affecting them and how to utilize their resources to control their own lives.   Non-government organizations can also be broken down by their level of operation - from hyper-localized groups to international advocacy campaigns. In Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), the initiatives focus on smaller, local communities while in City-Wide Organizations (CWOs), organizations like chambers of commerce and coalitions for businesses band together to solve problems that affect entire cities. National NGOs (NGOs) like the YMCA and NRA focus on activism that benefits people across the country while International NGOs (INGOs) like Save the Children and the Rockefeller Foundation act on behalf of the entire world. These designations, along with several more-specific quantifiers, help international government organizations and local citizens alike determine the intent of these organizations. After all, not all NGOs are supporting good causes - fortunately, however, most are.

William Hill Marketing Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

William Hill Marketing Management - Case Study Example The mission of William Hill is to reach a  wider target audience and expend internationally. The potential markets of William Hill include Scandinavian countries where competition will be less than in other European countries. In the  UK, William Hill's marketing strategy can be based on students target audience. Service quality is used as a strategic weapon and the aim of William Hill is to maintain high-quality standards at costs lower than competitors'. Betting industry has maintained high-speed growth through the continuous optimization of its product/service mix and constant technological innovation. It has also realized rapid expansion through capital injections. Present day situation in betting industry is marked by two factor - specification, which is to do with the 'design quality' of service, and conformity, which is to do with the 'process' quality which is achieved are of particular importance to customers. Recent years the  UK has become a new center of world gambling. "The major firms, Ladbrokes, William Hill and Coral (the "Big Three"), who dominated the old world, now look like dinosaurs in the new landscape" (UK Betting Industry, 2004). This expansion is closely connected with Internet facilities and WWW which open international markets for these companies. "Spread betting firms have been increasing their share of the total betting market over the past three to four years eroding the high-end phone/net business" (UK Betting Industry, 2004). Be in one of the most highly rated industries for stability and success, betting industry offers an opportunity to everyone who wants to earn a high return. Recent years, a special attention has been paid to the law regulating gambling in order to secure customers and competitors in the industry (William Hill takes online betting further overseas, 2005). Segmentation (Johnson, Scholes, 1998) allows William Hill to divide up its market into customer groups or segments. Customers within a segment are similar to each other and dissimilar to other groups of customers in other segments. Consumer segmentation is: Non-user; Competitor's customer; low-value customer; high-value customer. Today, William Hill orients on the particular geographic area. In general, UK market represents an individual geographic market that offers great opportunities. Increasingly market researchers are turning to lifestyle analysis as a means of generating a clearer picture of their customers' behavior and thus their tendency to purchase different types of product. SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) An examination of how strategy is formed gives useful insights into the nature of strategy itself. SWOT helps to analyze the position of a firm at a particular moment in time. The strength of William Hill airlines is that its goods obtained a very competitive position in the UK market. The brand has a hard core of loyal supporters. It develops lines of services to satisfy the needs of the wide audience, low-cost of the services. William Hill has maintained high-speed growth through the continuous optimization of its service mix and constant technological innovation (online services). In general, the UK betting market shows the highest rate of economic growth around the world.

Summary of Chapter 1_The End of Risk-Free Rate Assignment

Summary of Chapter 1_The End of Risk-Free Rate - Assignment Example This is because the bonds provide funds for healthcare, education, law enforcement as well as other public requirements. The most common theories associated to risk free rate and from which other valuations are derived include modern portfolio theory (MPT) and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Additionally, the risk free rate functions in rare occasions since the MPT maintains that there is only one risk-free rate, which is the risk-free rate asset that pays a low rate. The risk free rate is used by MPT to determine the optimum portfolio. At the basic level, risk is said to be the probability of outcomes or events and is divided into three main categories that include absolute, default and relative risk. There have been attempts to use alternatives to the risk-free rate such as the T-bill that remains the best option since it was the closest investment to a short-term riskless security. The main reason why the risk-free rate has changed is the catastrophic events happening in most developed countries’ economies that include credit market collapses, stock market collapses, and wars. The valuation level of the risk-free rate can be determined or judged through the Fisher equation. The idea that treasury bills have yielded zero or negative in certain periods indicates that there is no real risk-free rate. On the other hand, there have been increased debts in major governments and the development of other aspects such as debt mutualization. This is because of realization of too little growth versus intense debts. In some instances, the total debt has exceeded the total GDP. Without growth, fiscal consolidation proves futile. Fiscal measures should be permanent to help in reduction of debt. If austerity is followed, it could take approximately 10 years to realize results. Debt ratio might increase by attempting to reduce it through austerity, which adds risk premium to government bonds over time. The market demand for safe assets has